External Star Washer Serrated Lock Washer Steel Star Washer Fasteners

External star washer has the serrations around the outer edge, which provides better holding power, because of the greater circumference. It is a washer with serrations that extend radially inward or outward to bite into the bearing surface. This type of washer is especially effective as a lock washer when used with a soft substrate, such as aluminum or plastic, and can resist rotation more than a plain washer on hard surfaces, as the tension between the washer and the surface is applied over a much smaller area (the teeth).
Tooth lock washers are also used for ground bonding where a metal lug or object must be electrically bonded to a surface. The teeth of the washer cut through surface oxides, paints, or other finishes and provide a gas-tight conductive path. In these applications the washer is not placed under the head of the screw (or under the nut), it is placed between the surfaces to be bonded. In such applications, the tooth washer does not provide any anti-rotation locking features. Ever Hardware provides custom-made fasteners and customizable packaging.

Galvanization, or galvanisation, (or galvanizing as it is most commonly called in that industry), is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to prevent external star washer rusting. The most common method is hot-dip galvanizing, in which parts are submerged in a bath of molten zinc. Galvanizing protects in three ways:
It forms a coating of zinc which, when intact, prevents corrosive substances from reaching the underlying steel or iron.
The zinc serves as a sacrificial anode so that even if the coating is scratched, the exposed steel will still be protected by the remaining zinc.
The zinc protects its base metal by corroding before iron. For better results, the application of chromates over zinc is also seen as an industrial trend.

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